Stud-and-socket fastener.



F. S. CARR. STUD AND SOCKET FASTENEB. APPLICATION FILED MAY 2. 191g.

u Il- Kil? NEED PATENT Ornor.

man s. CARR, F BnooKLm-E, 'nAssA-CHSETTS, AssIGNon To caan ras'rnmea con- V PANY, 0F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A GORPG'RA'JJIO N '0F NAINE.

' STUD-AND-sooxnr ras'.rmzriaa.

Application mea may 2, 1910., serial No. 559,005.l i

' fastener comprising a socket member havfing a pair of yielding jaws, and a stud member -havingabrupt shoulders on opposite sides adapted to positively engage said' jaws to prevent separation vof themembers while the engaging faces of the 'shoulders and the jaws are in parallel planes, and the stud member also having additional parts to act upon said jaws and to disengage said shoulders land: jaws when said faces are movedfout of parallel planes. .The stud member of said patented fastener is of such form that its attachment in a predetermined position to 'the part Whichcarries it is essential, in orderthat the jaw-engaging and displacing portions of the stud mem,n`

ber. may be properly theirv functions. l

Thepresent invention has for its object to provide an'- improved construction which obviates the necessity of special' care 1n 1oarranged to perform eating the` stud member on the part which 1 carries it, so that said member may be applied. without providing for the location of either side of the stud member .in a predetermined position relatively to its support,

l or' in other words, without the necessity of so attaching the stud member to its support that a given side of the stud member shall face in a given direction.

The inventionl also lhas member of a f-astener of the above type whereby, when the jaws are displaced by the entering outer portion of the stud member before they spring into engagement with the shoulder of the latter, an increased stressI is set up in said :jaws tending to accelerate their engagement with the shank of the stud member so that the said engagement will be attended with a sharp click 1ndicating to the operator that `the desired engagement has been effected.

The invention consists in the improvefor its object to.y provide certam' improvements in the socket ments which I will nowproceedjto describe and claim. i v

OfV ythe accompanying drawings which form a part of this specifcation, Figure 1 represents a side view of the socketmember of a fastener embodying my invention. Fig.

' 2 represents a section on line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 represents la section on line 3 3 4of specification of Least manv Patented sept. 10, 1912.

Fig. 2, anda transverse section of the stud member engaged with the jaws/of t-hesocket member. Fig. 4 represents a section on line 4 4 'of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 represents a 4sectin on line 5 5 of Fig. 3`showing the socket member partially disengaged from the stud member.- Fig. 6 represents a View similar to Fig. 3 showing a diiferent form of socket member, the 'stud member being omitted. Fig.- 7 represents in elevation stud and socket'members of the form shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5, said members being disconnected from each other. Fig.18 represents a view similar to Fig. 7 representing a form of stud member adapted for usein a carriage curtain fastener and attached to a member of a carriage top frame,the stud and socket members being connected. Fig. 9

represents aside view of the socket memberv shown,in'4F1g. 8. Fig. 1 ()'represents a-per- 1 spective View of the 'stud member shown in Fig. 8 and portions of the jaws of the socket member. Fig. ll'represents a detail modification.

Similar referencecharacters indicate the same or similar parts in all the figures.

r The stud member 12 of my improved.

fastener isV substantially circular in cross section and is provided with suitable means for attaching it to the part whereby it is carried,- said means as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 7 beinga tubular -shank 13-formed on the.` inner end of the stud member and adapted to be inserted and-upset upon a carrying part such as aiiexible piece 14, which may be a partof a glove or other garment. In Figs. 8 and 10 the stud is provided with a base or flange 15 adapted to .be attached by screws toa member 1G which maybe a partof a carriage top frame, the corresponding socketv member being attached to a carriage curtain 17. The circular stud member is provided with an inwardly facing gig,

lreridless.' The-form ofthe Shoulder is suoli that it resists a direct outward rectilinear i/movement of the socket jaws hereinafter. de- 1 scribed, iii-the direction of the axis of the stud member, the shoulder preferably having a fiat. surfacearranged in a plane-at right angles with the axis ofthe stud mem'.-

ber, although it is obviousthat the-shoulder .may be slightly undercut asgshown by Fig.

v 11. rlhe outer endportion of the studi'nemc ber is tapered t'o formanapproximately lconical entering'end adapted to displace the jaws of the' socket member outwardly `and cat lse said jaws -t-oQspring into engagementl vwith the v'shoulder 19 when the' gro-ove of which said shoulder forms the outer side coincideswith the jaws#v l I y 7 The socket 'member comprises a suitable casing or holderadap'ted to bel applied to one of thejtwo parts to be connectedby the fastener, and A.a pair' of resilient jaws carried by the' [holders-and adapted to spring into' engagementwithV the shoulder 19 of the' stud member'when the stud andv socket members are brought into predetermined relative.

ljaws are adapted to movetoward and from eachother. The holder is' provided with an opening or passage for the reception of the stud member, said passage being formed byorivfices 24, 25, formed respectively in vthe fro-nt and back plates of theholder.

26, 26 represent the resilient jaws which'.

are composed ofwire and are preferably the end portions of a single pieceof wire'bent'I into substantially the form indicated by Figs. 3 and 6, the centralportion of the piece of wire being Vcurved and bea-ring against a portion of the holder, while .the end portions of the wire which form the jaws 26 are bent abruptly `inward' from the central' portion and are arranged and adapted to normallyl spring inwardly into the" pathvof a stud member entering the passage in the'holder. The jaws are`movablefin a 'plane at right angles with the'axis of the lslt-ud member when the stud and'sock'et mem- :bersare operatively related. lThe formation of the jaws is such that when they'are engaged with the groove of the stud member,1 .elongated portions 26n of the jaws are sub- 'stantially parallel with' each other and are tangential to theperiphery of thestud member and extend obliquely across the shoulderv 19,`while portions 26barefcurved or segmental to conform to the periphery of the stud .member at the bottom ofthe groove therein and have elongated bearings on the shoulder 19. The portions 26b are preferably-.formed to bear on about one-half of the diameter of the bottom of the groove in the stud member,`two of vtheir extremities prac-` tically meeting at one side of the stud member. The portions 26 extend from the opposite extremities of the segmental portions.

The described form of the shoulder 19 cn- 'ables the portions of said shoulder on which the segmental portions of the jaws bear, to resist a direct rectilinear outward movement ofthe socket in the direction ofthe axis of the stud member, hence it is impossible to separate the socket;4 member from the stud .membeiyby a direct outward pull. The portions 26u of thejaws extend obliquely across y port-ions of the shoulder 19, enabling the jaws to be displaced or sprung outwardly by ati'pping movement of the 'socket member vrelatively to the stud member, but owing to the described formation of the aws this tipping movement can take place only in the direction required to force the tangential portio`nsv26a of the jaws against the shoulder -19, a tipping motion off the socket member in other directions' being prevented byfthe elongated bearing of the segmental portions 26"` on .the shoulder 19. Vhen therefore, the jaws are engaged 'with the stud member, they can be displaced and disengaged therefrom byan upwardl tipping movement ofthe socket-ina direction indicated by the arrow (Figs. '5 andlO), the

'bearing ofthe portions 26b of the jaws on the said shoulders'preventing a downward tipping movement of the socket `member either in the direction of the arrows y or e, .al (Fig. 10), the arrow y indicating a forward and`downwa`rdtipping movement of the upper end of the socket member while `the arrows a', a indicateforward Ihorlzontal `tipping-`m"ovements of the edges -of the socket. The arrow .fr representing the'only. direction in which the socket'member can be tipped, indicates a movement 4which carries the lower end: of the socket member outward and upward, as indicated by' Fig. 5. Provision is therefore made for securely hold- 'lio ing the stud and socket members in their interlocked relation against displacement in all directions but one, viz., a tipping movement in the direction indicated by the arrow a movement of the socket member relative to the stud member in all other directions being impossiblein the ordinary usage of the device. The interlocking of tliesocket vmember with the studmember, so that the socket, member 'can be displaced only by a tipping movement, and that in one direction, is also disclosed in the patent above mentioned, but in that patent the described result is due in" part to a peculiar formation of the ,stud member, which formation re-` quires that it be secured to the part whichI carries it, in a 'predetermined position relatively to the jaws of the socket member.

The circular or cylindrical form ofthe stud'member is 'an important feature .of the present invention and enables the result above described to be obtained without' care as to the position of the stud member other 'l than that necessary to cause' it to properly enter the passage in thesocket member, it

bein immaterial whichside of the stud mem er is presented in a given direction. g

which carries it, no care is requiredexcept to locate the axisof the stud member so that .it will be in the path of the opening in the socket member. This freedomI from the necessity of locating the stud member 1n a predetermined way, so far asthe direction vin which its sides face is concerned, is especially useful in a fastener forcarriage curtains where the stud member is to be attached to a part 16 of a carriage top frame, the cylindrical or circular stud member be` ing applicable to the part- 16 with either of its sides uppermost. L f A It will 'be seen by reference'. to Figs. 3 and 5 thaty the portions of the shoulder 19 on which the segmental jaw portions 26b bear, constitute seats for said jaw portions, and that the portions -of the shoulderl across which theftangential jaw portions 26a extend obliquely, constitute a Wedge which is caused by an upward tipping movement of the socket member in the direction of the arrow m, toforce the jaws outwardly. It will also be seen that the circular form of the -stud and t-he resulting continuity .of the. "shoulder 19 enables vany portions of the Vshoulder to be. utilized as the jaw seats and wedge. I

The jaw-holdin portion 'of the socket member is prefera 1y provided with stops 28 whichy are arrangedto abut against the free ends of the jaws when the latter are displaced by the entering portion of the stud member, theA arrangement of the stops being such that the end'portions of the ljaws 'bearing against them are deflected inwardly by the outward pressure exerted on them'by the' stud memberwhen the jawsl are displaced,-

so that additional stresses are set up' in the jaws tending to accelerate theirviward springing 'movement when thegjaws and the groove of the stud membercoincide. -By this means I cause thejaws 4-to engage the stud member with a sharp click which is `audible to the operator and'assures him that the parts have been properly connected.

lll/Then the holder portion of the socket me r is constructed asshown in Figs. 1,2, 3 anu l inclusive, the front plate 2 0 'is preferably provided with short ears 29 which` turned or clenchedover the inner side of hack plate, and with longer ears 30 which-are passed through the part 17 Whieh carries the socket member and are clenched upon one side of said part.

l In Figs. 8 -and 9 I show the back plate 22 provided with-.an eyelet 31 which surrounds the opening through the back plate and is adapted to bepassed through the curtain or other part 17 and upset at its outer end.;

thereon, the eyelet therefore taking the place of the prongs 30. M

The general form, of the jaw-holding portion of the socket member may be varied.

In Figs. 1 and 3 ,Said portion is ofoblong form, while in Fig. 6 yit is shown as circular.

The inner side of the groove of which Vthe shoulder 19 forms the outer side, may be tapere'das shown by Fig. 11, so that ,when socket members of two or more carriage curtains are engagedA withone stud mem?,

ber,-the inner socket member or members may slide backwardly along the stud member as far' as may be required, the jaws of the outer socket'm'emb'er being engaged as described with they shoulder 19.

Thel terms upward and downward used to define the directions inl which the parts 4may and may not be tipped, are employed relatively, .and to indicate concisely that a tipping movement in'one direction to separate the parts is permitted, while a tipping movement in a different direction j or directions is impossible.

.The segmental portions of the socket membe'rijaws, andthe annular form of the jawengaging shoulder on the stud member, con-A fer the following advantages, (.1) the jaws have a rm bearing: on practically one-half of the circumference ofthe stud wmember, each jaw bearing on substantial-ly one-quarter of said circumference. Each jaw'therefore has a firm engagementwith the` stud member and. the two Ajaws cooperate in resisting strain or pressure exerted by. wind directed against the interior of'a carriage top, or otherwise, so that such strain is always,

resisted equally by two jaws instead of being resisted more'by one jaw than by the vother as heretofore. (2) The amplitude, ory vextent of the tipping movement of the socket necesssary to disengage? it from the stud, is reduced to the minimum. In other words, the necessary inward movement of one end of the socket. member towardlthe support of the studmember is not as great as heretofore, so that thestudmeihber may 'support of the stud member is'not as great as heretofore, so'that the stu'd member may vbe made relatively short, .thefastenerjas al` be .made relatively short, the fastener as a form. The words whole 'being reduced to'a des'i'rably compact iso face to permit a. direct outward movement 'ental jaw portions-herein 'after emp oy'ed in characterizing the in- 'wardly facing annular shoulder of the stud `member,'are intended to convey the idea that 'l the surface of said shoulder may be either fiativandinvagplane substantially at right 'angles fwithf'ftliefaxis of the stud as' shown i by Figs. 4, 5, 8 and 9, or slightly tapered or v10 vundercut as shown by 12,.

The segmentalportions26b Aand the par- -allel^`pcrt1ons 26a collectively constitute a U- shaped yoke, the curvedend of whichl (formed bythe two segmental portions 26")4 bears on substantially one-half of the peripheryvof the stud below the shoulder 12,

' and coperates -with a corresponding elongated portion of the shoulder to oppose not l only -a direct outward movement of the socket member, .but also a tipping movement thereof excepting in one direction, while the sides I of theyokev (formed Aby the two. parallel portions 26?) extend across other portionsof' the 'shoulder andV cooperate therewith to force the curved end of .the yoke out of engagement with "the, shoulderI when the socket member is tipped 'in said direction.

- v YA stud-and-socket fastener comprising a 3,9 stud member having an annular inwardly l facing .shoulder surroundingthe axis of the stud-member, anda socket member providedsignature, in `presence with resilient jaws adapted to spring inwardly toward the axis of the stud member Vand having segmental portions adapted to bear simultaneously against an extended Y ortion of said shoulder, said shoulder being ormed at all parts of its surface to pretions and obliquely across said shoulder at points which are separated by a jaw-dis'- placing portion of the shoulder, the jaws being displaceable outwardly, to disengage their segmental portions from the shoulder,

only by a tipping movement which causes the displacing portion of the shoulder to ex-A -e-rt a spreading action'on the substantially parallel portions of the jaws, the annular formof the'shoulder enabling any extended portion of its surface to positively lock the segmental portions .ofjthe jawsx against a direct outward pull, and the edgeof the remaining portion to act in s preading'the jaws.

. In testimony whereofl hav-de afiixed my.'

of 4two witnesses.` FRED S. CARR;

Witnesses:

C. F. BROWN, 

